Computers Final


	Computers

1. A. Terminology

� Hardware- physical devices that make up the computer and its peripheral (monitor, printer, disk drive, etc.)

� Software- files on disks that contain instructions for a computer.

� Memory- the temporary holding area where data is stored while it is being used or changed; the amount of RAM a computer has installed.

� Bits and bytes (kilo, mega, giga, tera)-

� ROM- acronym for Read Only Memory; memory that can only be read from and not written to.

� RAM- acronym for Random-Access Memory

� CPU- the Central Processing Unit. The processing chip that is the "brains" of a computer.

� Viruses- are small programs or scripts that can negatively affect the health of your computer

� Trojan horses- software programs that masquerade as regular programs, such as games, disk utilities, and even antiviral programs

� Worms- 1) Computer worms tunnel through your computer's memory and hard drive. 2) Also mean "Write Once, Read Many." It is an optical storage technology that allows a disc to be written only once but read an unlimited number of times

� Bugs- a programming error that causes a program to behave in an unexpected way.

� GUI- Stands for "Graphical User Interface," and is pronounced "gooey." It refers to the graphical interface of a computer that allows users to click and drag objects with a mouse instead of entering text at a command line

� Icons- a graphic symbol for an application, file or folder.

� Windows- is the most popular operating system for personal computers.

� Multitasking- running more than one application in memory at the same time.

B. Internet terms

� Browser- is the program people use to access the World Wide Web.

� ISP- Stands for "Internet Service Provider� in order to connect to the Internet, you need an ISP. It is the company that you (or your parents) pay a monthly fee to in order to use the Internet

� Networks- When you have two or more computers connected to each other, you have a network. The purpose of a network is to enable the sharing of files and information between multiple systems

� www- Stands for "World Wide Web." The Web consists of pages that can be accessed using a Web browser. The Internet is the actual network of networks where all the information resides.

� URL- Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator." It is the address of a specific Web site or file on the Internet. A URL cannot have spaces or certain other characters and uses forward slashes to denote different directories

� IP number- is a code made up of numbers separated by three dots that identifies a particular computer on the Internet. Every computer, whether it is a Web server or the computer you're using right now, requires an IP address to connect to the Internet. IP addresses consist of four sets of numbers from 0 to 255, separated by three dots for example "66.72.98.236"

� Operating system- the system software that controls the computer.

� DOS- acronym for Disk Operating System - used in IBM PCs.

� Input- data used by a computer

� Output- data produced by a computer

� Download- to transfer data from one computer to another. (If you are on the receiving end, you are downloading. If you are on the sending end, you are uploading).

� Upload- to send a file from one computer to another through a network

� Blog- Short for "Web Log," this term refers to a list of journal entries posted on a Web page

� RSS- Stands for "RDF Site Summary," but is commonly referred to as "Really Simple Syndication." RSS is method of providing website content such as news stories or software updates in a standard XML format

� International country codes- The country code is the national prefix to be used when dialing to that particular country from another country. In some cases you will also need to dial a city or area code. When a country name appears in the table as a link, there will be additional information regarding city or area codes.

2. Using Microsoft Word

� Autoshapes- is a drawing object that Excel or Word has already designed for you. There a many of these AutoShapes and you can combine them into even more complex drawings.

� Tables- a set of data arranged in rows and columns

� Formatting (subscripts, superscripts, symbols, spacing, bullets) - be used to describe the layout or style of text in a text document. When you format the layout, you choose the page margins and the line spacing. When you format the text, you choose the font, the size, and the styles, such as bold, italic, and underlined.

� Bibliography- A bibliography is a list of citations that appear at the end of a paper, article, chapter or book

� Spell check vs. grammar check- Spelling is a matter of recognizing the order of letters in a word. A word either has the right letter pattern or it does not. Now there are some complications with spelling--some words have the same pronunciation but different spelling. Still, a good spell checker gives you several options to choose from. Some will even ask you about words that are commonly confused, like complement and compliment. Grammar involves meaning and intent.

� Undo- Reverses the last command or action performed.

� Graphics- are visual presentations Graphics often combines text, illustration, and color.

� File types (.gif= graphics, .jpg= photos) - A file is a collection of data stored in one unit, under a filename. This can be a document, a picture, an audio or video file, a library, an application, or other collection of data.

� Order of placement-

3. Creating charts with Microsoft Excel

� Chart types (bar, column, pie, line) - Charts are visually appealing and make it easy for users to see comparisons, patterns, and trends in data.

� Data labels- A label that provides additional information about a data marker, which represents a single data point or value that originates from a worksheet cell.)

� Legend- A box that identifies the patterns or colors that are assigned to the data series or categories in a chart.)

� Changing data- replacing the information with new information

4. Mail Merge

� Labels (form letters)- tags of people�s names on it

� Data source- A file that contains the information to be merged into a document. For example, the list of names and addresses you want to use in a mail merge. You must connect to the data source before you can use the information in it.)

� Query options (sorting data, selecting data)-

5. Search tools

� Search engines- Google, Excite, Lycos, AltaVista, Infoseek, and Yahoo are all search engines. They index millions of sites on the Web, so that Web surfers like you and me can easily find Web sites with the information we want.

� Metasearch tools- Meta search engines are search engines that search other search engines. To put it simply, a meta search engine submits your query to several other search engines and returns a summary of the results. Therefore, the search results you receive are an aggregate result of multiple searches.

� Subject directories- is another name for a folder. Files on your hard disk are organized into various folders, or directories, so that it is easier to keep track of them. For example, you may keep your pictures in one folder and your music files in another folder. Folders can also contain other folders, allowing for more specific organization.

� Invisible web- the portion of the Web not accessible through Web search engines which require a subscription or password to access

� Searching the web (keywords)- Boolean (including AND/OR)- This is the logic that computers use to determine if a statement is true or false. There are 4 main Boolean operators: AND, NOT, OR, and XOR. Below are some examples of how the 4 operators work: 1) x AND y returns True if both x and y are true, otherwise the expression returns False. 2) NOT x returns true if x is false (or null) and false if x is true. 3) x OR y returns True if either x or y or both are true; only if they are both false will it return False. 4) x XOR y returns True if either x or y are true, but not both. If x and y are either true or false, the statement will return False.

6. Using Microsoft PowerPoint

� Views (normal, outline, slide sorter, slide) - normal view, where you can work on one slide at a time or organize the structure of all the slides in your presentation. Outline view, where you can work with the structure of your file in outline form. Work in outline view when you need to organize the structure of your file. Slide sorter view displays miniature versions of all slides in a presentation, complete with text and graphics, you can reorder slides; add transitions, and animation effects, you can also set the timings for electronic slide shows. Slide view, where you can work on one slide at a time

� Animation (rehearse timing) �

� Transitions- add customized transitions to your slide show that will make it come alive and become appealing to your audience.

� Moving, hiding, and deleting slides- hide slides, if you do not want a slide to appear during the slide show, but do not want to delete the slide as it may be used later, the slide can be hidden. Moving slides, you drag the slide into the place you want it. Deleting slides, you click �backspace� or click �delete� and it will delete

� Slide template, background- You can format your slide to make it look however you would like, whether it be a background color, picture, or a design template

7. Using Microsoft FrontPage

� HTML (tags- beginning, end) - Stands for "Hyper-Text Markup Language." This is the language that Web pages are written in. Also known as hypertext documents,

� Tabs (normal, HTML, preview)-

� Home page- is the starting point or front page of a Web site. This page usually has some sort of table of contents on it and often describes the purpose of the site

� Hyperlink ((to a web page, to outside link, to a bookmark), (form graphic, to email address, hover button, marquee)) - A hyperlink is a word, phrase, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. Hyperlinks are found in nearly all Web pages, allowing users to click their way from page to page. Text hyperlinks are often blue and underlined, but don't have to be. When you move the cursor over a hyperlink, whether it is text or an image, the arrow should change to a small hand pointing at the link. When you click it, a new page or place in the current page will open.

� Changing color of background and text- you can change the texture, and the color of the background and text

� Heading sizes- there are 5 different sizes from small (1) to big (5)

� Font styles- typeface that contains the characters of an alphabet or some other letterforms.

� Serif vs. sans serif styles- serif hard to read, sans serif is easier to read

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