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�         Adaptations

o       Circulatory system

�         Fluid � blood

�         Pump � heart

�         Tubes � vessels � vascular system

�         Blood � fluid tissue � plasma in which RBC, WBC, and platelets are found

o       Plasma � mostly water in which RBC, WBC, and platelets are suspended and in which the following are dissolved (straw colored

�         Nutrients � sugars, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, water, lipids

�         Wastes

�         Dissolved inorganic ions

�         Proteins

-         Antibodies

-         Enzymes

-         Clotting factors

�         Hormones

o       Platelets  - cell fragments

�         Help blood clotting

o       RBC

�         when mature, lack nuclei

�         Bi-concave disc (flattened doughnuts)

�         AKA erythrocytes � red cell

�         Contains hemoglobin (iron

�         Transports oxygen

�         Malfunction � Anemia

�         Made in bone marrow

o       WBC  - leukocytes � defends against foreign agents

�         Several types

-         Phagocytes � engulf and destroy bacteria

-         Lymphocytes   produce antibodies against foreign molecules (antigen {antibody generator})

�         Antibody � attacks antigen

�         Antigen � something that causes disease

�         Malfunction - Leukemia

�         Immunity � antibody formation to resist disease

o       2 types

�         active immunity � in response to contact with the disease causing organism or a vaccine (weakened virus)

-         memory

�         passive immunity � temporary immunity by injection of antibodies

o       Allergies

�         Response to dust, pollen, insect bites, etc

�         As though they are antigens � release histamines and create swelling

o       Application

�         Blood typing and organ transplantation

�         Positive � RH +. Negative � Rh-

o       AIDS � Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome

�         Caused by a virus called HIV � Human Immuno Deficiency Virus

�         ICF � intracellular fluid � lymph � plasma

o       Derived from blood � parrallel to blood vesels

o       Plasma � surrounds all cell of the body

o       When ICF passes into lymph vessels, it is called lymph

�         Lymph restores plasma

�         Lymph � part of immune system � Lymphnodes

-         Important in absorption of fat from small intestine

-         Plasma �ICF � lymph � (back to) plasma

�         Transport Vessels

o       Arteries � carry blood away from heart, thick walled � strong force � muscular blood vessels. Carry blood to all parts of the body that have a pulse.

�         Cary nutrients especially oxygen to cells

o       Veins � carry bloods toward the heart

�         Thin walled valves in veins prevent backflow

�         Carry CO2 and wastes from cells

�         Carry blood Into the heart

o       Capillaries

�         Exchange between blood and ICF across these vessels

�         Very tiny � one cell thick

�         Diffusion

o       Lymph vessels

�         Very small tubes

�         Walls � one cell thick

�         Contain phagocytes (defense)

o       Aneurism � can cause an artery to burst and bleed a lot