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Singular Object Plural Object
Mi mis (my)
Tu tus (our)
Su sus (his)
nuestro/a- nuestros/as (our)
su sus (their)
Cuanto- how much
Cuantos- how many
Mucho/a- a lot of, much
Muchos/as- many, lots of
Poco/a- a little
Pocos/as- a few
Todo/a- each and every
Todos/as- all of the
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- at
- to (the)
(Ir + a + infinitive- to go (going) to & activity
Yo voy a cocinar- I am going to cook
Ella va a leer- She is going to read
El va a escribir- He is going to write
Personal “a”
*If a word referring to a specific person follows a verb you use an a before that word.
Example:
- Los domingos visito a mi amiga Ines. – Sundays I visit my friend Ines. (Ines is the specific person that requires a personal a before it. Since the sentence has the verb visito meaning visit in it is another reason why the personal a is needed here.)
*When there is a personal a followed by el you join then both to make al.
Tambien vemos al hermano de Ines, que juega baloncesto con sus amigos. -- Also we see the brother of Ines, who plays basketball with her friends.
*You do not use a personal a before the verb tener.
Tengos dos hermanos.
*The personal a also appears in a question about specific people
¿A quien llamas?—Who are you calling?
Llamo a Pilar.—I am calling Pilar.
(Here the person is asking whom specifically are you calling and you answer I am calling Pilar)
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De = of, from
Yo soy de Nueva York - I am from NY
(De = of belonging)
El libro de Daniel - Daniel’s book (the book of Daniel)
?De quien es la revista? Es de Juanita – whose is the magazine? It’s Juanita’s
?De quien son los boligrafos? Son de Julio – whose are the pens? The are Julio’s
?De quien es el carro? Es del senor Garcia’s – whose car is this? It’s Mr. Garcia’s
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Los Pronombres Posesivos – Possesive Pronouns
Singular Pronouns
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My |
Mi |
Mis |
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Your (tu) |
Tu |
Tus |
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His Her Your (usted) |
Su |
Sus |
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Our- masculine feminine |
Nuestro |
Nuestros |
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Nuestra |
Nuestras |
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Their Your (ustedes) |
Su |
Sus |
My book = Mi libro
My books = Mis libros
Your (tu) pen = Tu boligrafo
His pool = Su alberca
Her houses = Sus casas
Our car = Nuestro carro
Our houses = Nuestros casas
Their teacher = Su maestro
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1) Altoàaltaàaltosàaltas (tall)
Bajoàbajaàbajosàbajas (short)
Regla: If an adjective ends in “o” you have 4 forms àoàaàosàas
2) Grandeàgrandeàgrandesàgrandes
Amableàamableàamablesàamables
Regla: If an adjective ends in “e” à it has only 2 forms – singular and plural e+es
3) Popularàpopulares
Facilàfaciles
Regla: If an adjective ends in a consonant you only have 2 forms. Add “es” to make it plural
4) Felizàfelices
Ferozàferoces
Regla: if an adjective ends in z, it only has 2 forms. Change zàc and add es to make it plural
Uses of adjectives:
The big book à el libro grande
The tall girls à las niñas altas
The easy test à el examen facil
The happy boy à El Niño feliz
Regla: we place adjectives after the noun except for amounts
Ex. The ten students à los diez alumnos
Many books à muchos libros
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?Que te gusta? – what do you like?
Me gustan los partidos de beisbol – I like the baseball games
Me gusta montar a caballo – I like to ride horses
Te gusta nadar – you like to swim
?te gusta la casa? – do you like the house?
Te gustan los carros – you like the cars
Gusta – we use it when what is liked is a verb or a singular activity
Gustan – is used for plural
Me gusta – I like
No me gusta – I don’t like
Te gusta - you like
No te gusta – you don’t like
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Estar
Yo estoy
Tū estās
El---------»
Ella-------» Estā
Ud--------»
Nosotros estamos
Ellos-------»
Ellas-------» Estan
Uds--------»
1) We use estar for location and position
Yo estoy en la escuela-I am in the school
Tū estas en Acapulco-you are in Acapulco
Ēl estā parado-he is standing
Ella estā sentada-she is standing
Nosotros estamos de pie-we are standing (on foot)
2) Feelings and Emotions
Yo estoy feliz-I am happy-------
Ēl estā nervioso-he is nervous---emotion
Tū estās bien-you are well-----------
Ella estā enferma-she is a sick----feeling
3) Temporary Condition (a condition is not a description)
La sopa estā caliente-the soup is hot
El agua estā frīa-the water is cold
La puerta estā abierta-the door is open
Ser
Yo soy
Tū eres
Ēl-------»
Ella-----» Es
Ud------»
Nosotros somos
Elllos------»
Elllas------» Son
Uds -------»
Description-Ēl es alto-he is tall, La casa es grande
Religion-Yo soy Judīo-I am Jewish
Origin-Tū eres de Mēxico-you are from Mexico, Ēlla es de aquī
Possesion-Ēl libro es de Juano-It’s Juan’s book
Occupation-Nosotros somos mēdicos-We are doctors
Material-La bluso es de algudōn-the blouse is of cotton
Identification-Tū eres Sofīa-you are Sofia
Nationalities-Ēl es Estadounidense-He is American (from the U.S.)
Time and Date-Es la una-It’s 1:00
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*otro- otra- otras- otros
-- I have another book- Yo tengo otro libro.
-- I have another bag- Yo tengo otra bolsa (because bolsa is feminine and ends in a you use otra and not otro)
--I want another locker- Yo qiero otra gaveta
-- I want other chairs- Yo quiero otras sillas.
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Male |
Female |
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This |
este |
esta |
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These |
estos |
estas |
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That |
ese |
esa |
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Those |
esos |
esas |
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That (over there) |
aquel |
aquella |
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Those (over there) |
aquellos |
aquellas |
Examples: this boy – este niño
These books – estos libros
Those girls – esas niñas
That house – esa casa
That (over there) pen – aquella pluma, aquel boligrafo
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The Neuter-very general, no noun |
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esto |
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eso |
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aquello |
Examples: that is fun – eso es divertido
This is crazy – esto es loco (absurdo)
What is this? – ¿Qué es esto?
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Acabar-to finish |
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Yo |
acabo |
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Tú |
acabas |
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El, ella, ud. |
acaba |
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Nosotros |
acabamos |
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Ellos, ellas, uds. |
acaban |
Examples: I just arrived at school – yo acabo de llegar a la escuela
I just finished the homework – tú acabas de hacer la tarea
We just bought tickets for the Yankee game – nosotros acabamos de comprar boletos para el juego de los Yanquis
Tener + que & infinitivo
To have to & inf. (verb)
Yo tengo que hacer la tarea
I have to do my homework
Ella tiene que leer diez páginas
She has to read 10 pages
Nosotros no tenemos que estudiar
We don’t have to study
