Pretérito

Contents: Verbos Regulares Verbos –car, -gar, -zar Verbos Irregulares

Contents:

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Verbos Regulares

 

           

 

Regla:

To conjugate regular verbs in the preterit (past), you:

·          Drop the endings.

·          Add preterit endings.

-ar = é, aste, ó, amos, aron

-er + -ir = í, iste, ió, imos, ieron

 

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El pretérito de los verbos –car, -gar, -zar

I: -car verbs

	-ar
yo	é
tu	aste
el   \ ella  > ud.  /	ó
nosotros	amos
ellos   \ ellas   > uds.    /	aron

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	tocar
yo	toqué
tu	tocaste
el   \ ella  > ud.  /	tocó
nosotros	tocamos
ellos   \ ellas   > uds.    /	tocaron

Regla:

For pretérito of –car verbs you:

  Drop the –ar

  Change c → qu in “yo” only

  Add preterit endings

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                        Voc.

Atacar – to attack                                           Explicar – to explain

Buscar – to look for                                        Practicar – to practice

Colocar – to place                                           Mascar – to chew

Dedicar – to dedicate                                     Sacar – to take out

Tocar – to play instrument, to touch

 

II: -gar verbs

 

	jugar
yo	jugue
tu	jugaste
el   \ ella  > ud.  /	jugó
nosotros	jugamos
ellos   \ ellas   > uds.    /	jugaron

 

Regla:

For pretérito of –gar verbs you:

  Drop the –ar

  Change g → gu in “yo” only

  Add preterit endings

 

 

 

 

 

                                                        Voc.

Cargar – to carry                                             Colgar – to hang

Castigar – to punish                                        Pagar – to pay

Entregar – to deliver                                       Apagar – to shut off

Jugar – to play games                                      Pegar – to hit, to glue

Juzgar – to judge                                             Llegar – to arrive

 

III: -zar verbs

 

	comenzar
yo	comencé
tu	comenzaste
el   \ ella  > ud.  /	comenzó
nosotros	comenzamos
ellos   \ ellas   > uds.    /	comenaron

 

Regla:

For pretérito of –zar verbs you:

  Drop the –ar

  Change the z → c in “yo” only

  Add preterit endings

 

 

 

 

 

                                                        Voc.

Abrazar – to hug                                             Cruzar – to cross

Alanzar – to reach                                           Empezar – to begin (Synonym: Comenzar)

Almorzar – to have lunch                                Gozar – to enjoy

Comenzar – to begin (Synonym: Empezar)    Tezar – to pray

 

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Los Verbos Irregulares en el Pretérito

 

 

I: U-Stem:

 

 

II: I-Stem:

 

 

 

 

III: J-Stem ( all –cir verbs fall into this category, like traducer )

 

                                                     

Voc.

reducir       conducir

producir      traducir

 

In J-Stem, use “–eron” not “-ieron”

 

 

IV: Y-Stem: ( double vowel verbs = special endings for Y-Stem… í, isté, yó, ímos, yeron )

 

 

 

V: Verbos Locos!!!

 

 

VI: Verbos con doble vocal

 

Regla: double vowel verbs have the endings -í  –iste –yó –ímos –yeron

Verbs are conjugated regularly, however in 3^rd person singular in plural where the i changes to a y. (if it isn’t changed, there would have been 3 vowels in a row)

 

VII: Stem Changing Verbs in Past Tense

-          all ar and er verbs that were stem changing verbs become regular past tense verbs

-          only the ir verbs are going to change (o » u, e » i)

-          they only change in el and ellos

 

          pensar                volver                   dormir                 pedir

Yo	Pense	volvi	Dormi	pedi
Tu	Pensaste	Volviste	Dormiste	Pediste
El	Penso	Volvio	Durmio	Pidio
Nos	pensamos	Volvimos	Dormimos	Pedimos
ellos	pensaron	Volvieron	durmieron	Pidieron