Navi Yeshayahu 52-53


	Navi Yeshayahu 52-53

Description of the eved in the past and the present

v Prove the answer to the question, who is the servant in perek 52-53

� Future:

� הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל, עַבְדִּי; יָרוּם וְנִשָּׂא וְגָבַהּ, מְאֹד

� Now, my servant will succeed; he will be high (not in the context you may be thinking of�although it is interesting to imagine) and tall-very important

� Past:

� כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמְמוּ עָלֶיךָ רַבִּים, כֵּן-מִשְׁחַת מֵאִישׁ מַרְאֵהוּ; וְתֹאֲרוֹ, מִבְּנֵי אָדָם

� When they find out about this, saw the servant in the future, they will be appalled, because he was deformed (poor guy) unlike the figure of man (woman then?); and unlike the sons of men (what do they have against the daughters?)

� The reaction of the Goyim:

� כֵּן יַזֶּה גּוֹיִם רַבִּים, עָלָיו יִקְפְּצוּ מְלָכִים פִּיהֶם: כִּי אֲשֶׁר לֹא-סֻפַּר לָהֶם, רָאוּ, וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא-שָׁמְעוּ, הִתְבּוֹנָנוּ

� He will startle many nations (is his face really that ugly?), kings shall close their mouths because of him (in my notes I read �close their mothers��anyone care to interpret that) for their saw something unusual that they do not usually see, and that which they have not heard they will understand

� Who is the servant?

� Jews- clearly because it keeps saying Yisroel/yaakov avidi, which implies bnei yisroel (look at sheet on eved given out)

� J.C.- Christians use this part to prove that he is the massaiah because of his suffering and now he is revered

� Yeshayahu/Yirmiyahu

� King/Messaiah

� Specific man

v Who gave/caused Yisurin/troubles for the servant according to the Goyim?

� Descriptions of the servant:

לֹא-תֹאַר

Yeshayahu described Yisroel like a servant with all these descriptions because they were in exile and the goyim thought of yisroel as an oppressed (banui) nation and that they are the eved

No appearance

לֹא הָדָר

No honor

נִבְזֶה

Disgraced

חֲדַל אִישִׁים

Stopped being a man

אִישׁ מַכְאֹבוֹת

Man of pain

וִידוּעַ חֹלִי

Always sick

מַסְתֵּר פָּנִים

Hide his face out of shame

לֹא חֲשַׁבְנֻהוּ

We didn�t think of him

� Specific troubles:

חֳלָיֵנוּ

The servant was all these things

Sick

מַכְאֹבֵינוּ

Hurt

מְחֹלָל

Wounded

מְדֻכָּא

Crushed (emotionally)

� Who gave the troubles?

� The goyim (they felt they were healed by the oppression of the jews)

� What was the thought that caused the goyim to punish the servant?

� חֲשַׁבְנֻהוּ, נָגוּעַ מֻכֵּה אֱלֹהִים וּמְעֻנֶּה

� Jews have to be tortured. Jews are predestined to be a man full of troubles. This was a MISTAKE!

� וַיהוָה הִפְגִּיעַ בּוֹ, אֵת עֲו‍ֹן כֻּלָּנוּ

� god wanted the servant to get hurt from all the sins of the people, take the blame for everyone but this was a MISTAKE because it is unethical

Reaction of the eved to the tza'ar

v How did the servant react to his troubles?

� וְלֹא יִפְתַּח-פִּיו

שֶּׂה sheep	Like the sheep doesn't know what is going going when his slaughtering time comes. The sheep is surprised when slaughtered	This servant doesn't complain about the troubles like the sheep and female lamb
רָחֵל female lamb	When she goes before the shearer/גֹזְזֶיהָ she is not afraid and doesn't complain

שֶּׂה sheep

Like the sheep doesn't know what is going going when his slaughtering time comes. The sheep is surprised when slaughtered

This servant doesn't complain about the troubles like the sheep and female lamb

רָחֵל female lamb

When she goes before the shearer/גֹזְזֶיהָ she is not afraid and doesn't complain

� Why was the servant quiet?

� Goyim: �מִפֶּשַׁע עַמִּי נֶגַע לָמוֹ"= from the sins of the goyim, they Jews suffered

� נִגְזַר: no hope. What is the reason to complain if your suffering is predestined?

� עַל לֹא-חָמָס עָשָׂה, וְלֹא מִרְמָה בְּפִיו

� goyim admit that the servant didn't do anything to deserve this

 How did the servant deal (mistadir) with this process (ta'alich)?

 יִשְׂבָּע--בְּדַעְתּוֹ יַצְדִּיק צַדִּיק עַבְדִּי: if he gets a punishment why is he satisfied?

 At the end he will succeed. He learns from the process and becomes successful

 What is the servants reward? Long life, bounty, lots of kids

 List 4 proofs that J.C. isn't the servant from this perek.

 Eved is refered to in rabim so it must be bnei yisroel. We learn in this book that the eved is not J.C. but rather is bnei yisroel

 742-688 BCE and J.C. Was in year 0 and most of the prophesy in this perek was written in the past and J.C. Was in the future

 pasuk yud even though it is written in the future it has not connection to J.C.

 Kids= had none

 long life= didn't have

 wealth= didn't have

 succeed= not in his lifetime

 Not get punishment because of other people's sins and aren't sins that he did. J.C. Suffered from sins of society not from his own. According to the understanding of the perek the servant suffered because of his sins and not the sins of someone else (Jewish understand of this perek not the goyim)

Fast day without correct cavana

 What does God not want from us on a fast day?

 Need cavana and ma'aseh

 What did God ask from the prophet to do?

 קְרָא בְגָרוֹן אַל-תַּחְשֹׂךְ, כַּשּׁוֹפָר הָרֵם קוֹלֶךָ; וְהַגֵּד לְעַמִּי פִּשְׁעָם, וּלְבֵית יַעֲקֹב חַטֹּאתָם.

 Call to bnei yisroel out loud and tell them their sins

 How did the Jews think of themselves?

 וְאוֹתִי, יוֹם יוֹם יִדְרֹשׁוּן, וְדַעַת דְּרָכַי, יֶחְפָּצוּן; כְּגוֹי אֲשֶׁר-צְדָקָה עָשָׂה, וּמִשְׁפַּט אֱלֹהָיו לֹא עָזָב, יִשְׁאָלוּנִי מִשְׁפְּטֵי-צֶדֶק, קִרְבַת אֱלֹהִים יֶחְפָּצוּן.

 Like a nation/goy, not they are, that wants to do good things not actually does good things

 What question did they ask in exile?

 לָמָּה צַּמְנוּ וְלֹא רָאִיתָ, עִנִּינוּ נַפְשֵׁנוּ וְלֹא תֵדָע

 לֹא-תָצוּמוּ כַיּוֹם, לְהַשְׁמִיעַ בַּמָּרוֹם קוֹלְכֶם

we tortured our souls and you did not know. Why didn't God do anything even thought they fasted?

 What did the prophet answer (ishum) them?

 Did not fast this day to the shamaim, in order to have your voice heard this is not the way to do it. They fasted but did all these stuff

תִּמְצְאוּ-חֵפֶץ: business, went to work

 עַצְּבֵיכֶם תִּנְגֹּשׂוּ: hit his workers

 לְרִיב וּמַצָּה: fighting

 לְהַכּוֹת בְּאֶגְרֹף רֶשַׁע: hit the guy they said was a rasha

 more stuff the prophet said:

 הֲכָזֶה, יִהְיֶה צוֹם אֶבְחָרֵהוּ--יוֹם עַנּוֹת אָדָם, נַפְשׁוֹ: is this the fast I've chosen? That you can suffer your body?

 הֲלָכֹף כְּאַגְמֹן רֹאשׁוֹ, וְשַׂק וָאֵפֶר יַצִּיעַ: does god want you to bend your head like a ??? and sack cloth with ashes under you? You are just doing modim for ritual purposes not for hoda'ah

 הֲלָזֶה תִּקְרָא-צוֹם, וְיוֹם רָצוֹן לַיהוָה: is this what you think is the day that god wants?

 What does God ask from us on a fast day?

 What did God want?

 הֲלוֹא זֶה, צוֹם אֶבְחָרֵהוּ--פַּתֵּחַ חַרְצֻבּוֹת רֶשַׁע, הַתֵּר אֲגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָה; וְשַׁלַּח רְצוּצִים חָפְשִׁים, וְכָל-מוֹטָה תְּנַתֵּקוּ.

 This is the fast that I chose, is this not a fast I want? To let the oppressed go free...

 הֲלוֹא פָרֹס לָרָעֵב לַחְמֶךָ, וַעֲנִיִּים מְרוּדִים תָּבִיא בָיִת: כִּי-תִרְאֶה עָרֹם וְכִסִּיתוֹ, וּמִבְּשָׂרְךָ לֹא תִתְעַלָּם

 give bread to the hungry. Give the poor who don't have a house, a house. Cover the poor person's nakedness..

 don't make yourselves as if you are invisible

 Don't think that you aren't going to eat that day, think of others that have nothing

 Results:

 אָז יִבָּקַע כַּשַּׁחַר אוֹרֶךָ, וַאֲרֻכָתְךָ מְהֵרָה תִצְמָח; וְהָלַךְ לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶךָ, כְּבוֹד יְהוָה יַאַסְפֶךָ.

 then the light will come- happiness and hope. And everything you do, you will succeed. Kibutz galuyot- you don't want to be in exile and so you won't be

 אָז תִּקְרָא וַיהוָה יַעֲנֶה, תְּשַׁוַּע וְיֹאמַר הִנֵּנִי: אִם-תָּסִיר מִתּוֹכְךָ מוֹטָה, שְׁלַח אֶצְבַּע וְדַבֶּר-אָוֶן

 if you do the fast that I want, when you call me I will answer and if you yell for me I will say, I'm here. I will take away the burden upon you.

 וְתָפֵק לָרָעֵב נַפְשֶׁךָ, וְנֶפֶשׁ נַעֲנָה תַּשְׂבִּיעַ; וְזָרַח בַּחֹשֶׁךְ אוֹרֶךָ, וַאֲפֵלָתְךָ כַּצָּהֳרָיִם

 if you help the hungry and the poor then the fogginess will be like bright day

 וְנָחֲךָ יְהוָה, תָּמִיד, וְהִשְׂבִּיעַ בְּצַחְצָחוֹת נַפְשֶׁךָ, וְעַצְמֹתֶיךָ יַחֲלִיץ; וְהָיִיתָ, כְּגַן רָוֶה, וּכְמוֹצָא מַיִם, אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יְכַזְּבוּ מֵימָיו.

 And God will rest upon you forever, and give you food and water in droughts, and make your bones strong. You will be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water that doesn't stop

Keeping shabbat the right way

 Write the connection between ketaim 1 &2 (talking about the fast) and 3 (shabbat)?

 Fast- not allowed to eat-have to do good----> God will answer you and you will be healed

 Shabbat- not allowed to do work- have to enjoy/have pleasure/honor------>וְהִרְכַּבְתִּיךָ, עַל-במותי (בָּמֳתֵי) אָרֶץ; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ, נַחֲלַת יַעֲקֹב אָבִיךָ (will rise to heights and will succeed...)

bad korbanot are not wanted

 What does God do to those who don't keep the mitzvot and give the right korbanot?

 Bnei yisroel ask, does god live in beit hamikdash?

 הַשָּׁמַיִם כִּסְאִי, וְהָאָרֶץ הֲדֹם רַגְלָי; אֵי-זֶה בַיִת אֲשֶׁר תִּבְנוּ-לִי, וְאֵי-זֶה מָקוֹם מְנוּחָתִי: the sky is my throne and the land is my footstool. There is no place where I can rest, because I created it all.

 If god is so great, what can man do in order to cause god deal with me to listen to my prayers

 עָנִי: humble

 וּנְכֵה-רוּחַ: without ge'ava (pride)

 וְחָרֵד עַל-דְּבָרִי: zealous to do the mitzvot of hashem

 bnei yisroel don't act the right way when they bring korbanot

 שׁוֹחֵט הַשּׁוֹר =מַכֵּה-אִישׁ: slaughtering animal is like hitting a man

 זוֹבֵחַ הַשֶּׂה =עֹרֵף כֶּלֶב: sacrificing a lamb is like breaking a dogs neck

 מַעֲלֵה מִנְחָה= דַּם-חֲזִיר: giving an offering is like giving pig's blood

 לְבֹנָה =מְבָרֵךְ אָוֶן: giving an offering is like blessing an idol

 בָּחֲרוּ בְּדַרְכֵיהֶם, וּבְשִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם, נַפְשָׁם חָפֵצָה: chosen their own way, not the way god wants

 גַּם-אֲנִי אֶבְחַר בְּתַעֲלֻלֵיהֶם, וּמְגוּרֹתָם אָבִיא לָהֶם--יַעַן קָרָאתִי וְאֵין עוֹנֶה, דִּבַּרְתִּי וְלֹא שָׁמֵעוּ; וַיַּעֲשׂוּ הָרַע בְּעֵינַי, וּבַאֲשֶׁר לֹא-חָפַצְתִּי בָּחָרוּ

 I will punish them, because when I called (through prophet) no one answered. They did the opposite of what I wanted

God acts like our mother and kept his promise

 mashal and nimshal



Mashal	Nimshal
בְּטֶרֶם תָּחִיל, יָלָדָה; בְּטֶרֶם יָבוֹא חֵבֶל לָהּ, וְהִמְלִיטָה זָכָר she didn't have any pain but just gave birth	הֲיוּחַל אֶרֶץ בְּיוֹם אֶחָד, אִם-יִוָּלֵד גּוֹי פַּעַם אֶחָת is a land born in one day? Zion gave birth in one day. We will return to Israel quickly without pains like with the mother
לְמַעַן תִּינְקוּ וּשְׂבַעְתֶּם, מִשֹּׁד תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ drink deeply from her breastmilk	נֹטֶה-אֵלֶיהָ כְּנָהָר שָׁלוֹם וּכְנַחַל שׁוֹטֵף כְּבוֹד גּוֹיִם the goyim will give us their wealth like the mother gives her milk
עַל-צַד, תִּנָּשֵׂאוּ, וְעַל-בִּרְכַּיִם, תְּשָׁעֳשָׁעוּ she will play with him on her shoulders and knees	וּבִירוּשָׁלִַם תְּנֻחָמוּ... וּרְאִיתֶם וְשָׂשׂ לִבְּכֶם in Jerusalem they will be comforted and they will rejoice



3 relationships
Owner: animal	No pity
Father:son	Is pity and hope
Mother: son	Is pity and compassion (chamala)

 הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלֹא אוֹלִיד, יֹאמַר יְהוָה; אִם-אֲנִי הַמּוֹלִיד וְעָצַרְתִּי, אָמַר אֱלֹהָיִךְ

 I gave you so much hope when you were in babel that you would go to Israel. I will fufill my promise to you and not take it away from you

 כְּאִישׁ, אֲשֶׁר אִמּוֹ תְּנַחֲמֶנּוּ--כֵּן אָנֹכִי אֲנַחֶמְכֶם, וּבִירוּשָׁלִַם תְּנֻחָמוּ.

 Don't worry I will console you and I will bring you to Israel

 וְנוֹדְעָה יַד-יְהוָה אֶת-עֲבָדָיו, וְזָעַם אֶת-אֹיְבָיו.

 Mother ego to protect bnei yisroel from enemies

 Hashem is trying to give them hope in the last perek

Kilyon rishaim

 Hashem's anger on the enemies

 כִּי-הִנֵּה יְהוָה בָּאֵשׁ יָבוֹא, וְכַסּוּפָה מַרְכְּבֹתָיו--לְהָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ, וְגַעֲרָתוֹ בְּלַהֲבֵי-אֵשׁ.: God will come in a fire and his chariots will be like a storm, his anger will return, and his rebuke with flames of fire

 כִּי בָאֵשׁ יְהוָה נִשְׁפָּט, וּבְחַרְבּוֹ אֶת-כָּל-בָּשָׂר; וְרַבּוּ, חַלְלֵי יְהוָה.: by fire god will judge and by his sword with all flesh and there will be many carcases (slain by god)

 הַמִּתְקַדְּשִׁים וְהַמִּטַּהֲרִים אֶל-הַגַּנּוֹת, אַחַר אחד (אַחַת) בַּתָּוֶךְ, אֹכְלֵי בְּשַׂר הַחֲזִיר, וְהַשֶּׁקֶץ וְהָעַכְבָּר--יַחְדָּו יָסֻפוּ, נְאֻם-יְהוָה.

 The Holy and pure (written in hiphil which tells us that they think there are holy and pure, they have no tzanuah only have pride- eat pig and rat...) in the gardens that eat pig and bugs and rats...in the end they will be destroyed by god (they say they are holy when they really aren't, they are enemies of god

Recognition of God, and the bringing of Bnei Yisroel like a korban

 What the goyim will do for the Jews in acharit yamim

 What will happen at the end of days:

 peave in the world

 flood to the beit hamikdash

 Yishpoch adam yishpal ish

 go in the light of god

 made their swords into shears (farming tools)

 judge btw the goyim

 beit hamikdash on top of the mountains

 How does god spread what he did?

 וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי מֵהֶם פְּלֵיטִים אֶל-הַגּוֹיִם: send a sign to them about the honor of god

 לְקַבֵּץ אֶת-כָּל-הַגּוֹיִם וְהַלְּשֹׁנוֹת; וּבָאוּ, וְרָאוּ אֶת-כְּבוֹדִי. : gather all their languages and they will come ans see the honor of god

 What is the reaction of the nations of the world when they hear about the greatness of god?

 וְהֵבִיאוּ אֶת-כָּל-אֲחֵיכֶם מִכָּל-הַגּוֹיִם מִנְחָה לַיהוָה בַּסּוּסִים וּבָרֶכֶב וּבַצַּבִּים וּבַפְּרָדִים וּבַכִּרְכָּרוֹת, עַל הַר קָדְשִׁי יְרוּשָׁלִַם: they brought an offering that is really bnei yisroel to god. They rode bnei yisroel on horses, chariots, mules... and brought them to Jerusalem

 וְגַם-מֵהֶם אֶקַּח לַכֹּהֲנִים לַלְוִיִּם, אָמַר יְהוָה.

 The goyim?

 From the people of bnei yisroel that returned to Israel

 from the goyim that saw the honor of god

 really from the goyim

 What did God promise to bnei yisroel?

 כִּי כַאֲשֶׁר הַשָּׁמַיִם הַחֲדָשִׁים וְהָאָרֶץ הַחֲדָשָׁה אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי עֹשֶׂה, עֹמְדִים לְפָנַי--נְאֻם-יְהוָה: כֵּן יַעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם, וְשִׁמְכֶם.

 Like I remake the heavens and earth every day, forever bnei yisroel will remain

 What will the world do in the days of the Messiah?

 וְהָיָה, מִדֵּי-חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ, וּמִדֵּי שַׁבָּת, בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ; יָבוֹא כָל-בָּשָׂר לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת לְפָנַי, אָמַר יְהוָה: from a new month to another, and one shabbat to another, everyone will come worship god

 וְיָצְאוּ וְרָאוּ--בְּפִגְרֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים, הַפֹּשְׁעִים בִּי: כִּי תוֹלַעְתָּם לֹא תָמוּת, וְאִשָּׁם לֹא תִכְבֶּה, וְהָיוּ דֵרָאוֹן, לְכָל-בָּשָׂר: and they will see the carcasses of the men that have rebelled against god for the worms will not die and the fires will not go out, will be horrific to all flesh

 Why are these the last 2 pesukim of Yeshayahu?

 This book is divided into 2 parts: first musar to bnei yisroel and then comfort on the punishmen they got

 the last 2 pesukim is driving home the message that those who listen and follow the torah can live life in the ways of god but those that don't will die of worms at the side of road is symbol to those who survived that they (survivors) made the right choice.

 The choice is in our hands!

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